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Aelred (1110 – 12 January 1167), also Ailred, Ælred, Æthelred, etc., was an English writer, abbot of Rievaulx (from 1147 until his death), and saint. ==Life== Aelred was born in Hexham, Northumbria, in 1110,〔Thurston, Herbert. "St. Ælred." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 20 September 2012 ()〕 one of three sons of Eilaf, priest of St Andrew's at Hexham and himself a son of another Eilaf, treasurer of Durham.〔Bell, "Ailred of Rievaulx (1110–1167)"〕 Aelred spent several years at the court of King David I of Scotland in Roxburgh, possibly from the age of 14,〔It is unclear exactly when Aelred joined King David's court. However, David became king in 1124, when Aelred was 14, and in his lament for David Aelred says he had known David "from the beginning of his age", which might well imply that Aelred had been at the court from around 1124. See Aelred Squire, OP, ''Aelred of Rievaulx: A Study'', (London: SPCK, 1969), p12.〕 rising to the rank of ''echonomus''〔See Walter Daniel, Vita A, ca. 2. (p91 of Cistercian Fathers translation)〕 (often termed 'steward' or 'Master of the Household') before leaving the court at age twenty-four (in 1134) to enter the Cistercian abbey of Rievaulx in Yorkshire.〔''The Lives of the Saints'', Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Volume 1, Page 178, Edinburgh: John Grant, 1914〕 He may have been partially educated by Lawrence of Durham, who sent him a hagiography of Saint Brigid. From 1142–3, Aelred was novice master at Rievaulx. In 1143, he became the first abbot〔Aelred Squire, OP, ''Aelred of Rievaulx: A Study'', (London: SPCK, 1969), p53.〕 of a new daughter house of Rievaulx at Revesby in Lincolnshire. In 1147, he was elected abbot of Rievaulx itself, a position he was to hold until his death. Under his administration, the abbey is said to have grown to some 140 monks and 500 ''conversi'' and laymen.〔''Walteri Danielis Alongside his role as a monk and later abbot, Aelred was involved throughout his life in political affairs. In 1138, when Rievaulx's patron, Walter Espec, was to surrender his castle at Wark to King David of Scotland, Aelred accompanied Abbot William of Rievaulx to the Scottish border to negotiate the transfer. In 1142 Aelred travelled to Rome, alongside Walter of London, Archdeacon of York, to represent before Pope Innocent II a group of northern prelates who opposed the election of King Stephen's nephew William as archbishop of York (the result of the journey was that Aelred brought back a letter from Innocent summoning the superiors that Aelred represented to appear in Rome the following March to make their deposition in the required canonical form; the resulting negotiations would drag on for many years).〔Marsha L Dutton, 'Introduction', in Aelred of Rievaulx, ''Spiritual Friendship'', (Collegeville, MI, 2010), p16; Aelred Squire, OP, ''Aelred of Rievaulx: A Study,'' (London: SPCK, 1969), p24.〕 The fourteenth-century version of the ''Peterborough Chronicle'' states that Aelred's efforts during the twelfth-century papal schism brought about Henry II's decisive support for the Cistercian candidate, resulting in 1161 in the formal recognition of Pope Alexander III.〔Marsha L Dutton, 'Introduction', in Aelred of Rievaulx, ''Spiritual Friendship,'' (Collegeville, MI, 2010), p17〕 Aelred wrote several influential books on spirituality, among them ''Speculum caritatis'' ("The Mirror of Charity," reportedly written at the request of Bernard of Clairvaux) and ''De spiritali amicitia'' ("On Spiritual Friendship").〔On the use of ''spiritali,'" instead of ''spirituali,'' see Aelred of Rievaulx, ''Spiritual Friendship'', transl. by L. Braceland (2010), 25.〕 He also wrote seven works of history, addressing three of them to Henry II of England, advising him how to be a good king and declaring him to be the true descendent of Anglo-Saxon kings. In his later years, he is thought to have suffered from the kidney stones and arthritis.〔Walter Daniel, "Vita Aelredi"〕 Walter reports that in 1157 the Cistercian General Council allowed him to sleep and eat in Rievaulx's infirmary; later he lived in a nearby hut. Aelred died in the winter of 1166–7, probably on 12 January 1167,〔This is the traditional date for his feast within the Cistercian Order, as celebrated on the authority of Walter Daniel, ''Vita A'', ca. 57.〕 at Rievaulx. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aelred of Rievaulx」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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